在 Java 中识别文件编码格式可以通过不同的方式进行,下面我将介绍三种常用的方式,并提供相应的示例代码以及可能的第三方库依赖。在这些示例中,假设我们要读取一个文本文件并确定其编码格式。
import java.io.*;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
public class EncodingDetector {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        File file = new File("path/to/your/file.txt");
        try (InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(file)) {
            Charset charset = guessCharset(inputStream);
            System.out.println("Detected Charset: " + charset.displayName());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    public static Charset guessCharset(InputStream inputStream) throws IOException {
        byte[] buffer = new byte[4096];
        UniversalDetector detector = new UniversalDetector(null);
        int bytesRead;
        while ((bytesRead = inputStream.read(buffer)) > 0 && !detector.isDone()) {
            detector.handleData(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
        }
        detector.dataEnd();
        String encoding = detector.getDetectedCharset();
        if (encoding != null) {
            return Charset.forName(encoding);
        } else {
            // Default to UTF-8 if no encoding is detected
            return Charset.forName("UTF-8");
        }
    }
}
这个示例使用了 juniversalchardet 库来自动检测文件的编码格式。下面是该库的 Maven 和 Gradle 依赖:
Maven:
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.googlecode.juniversalchardet</groupId>
    <artifactId>juniversalchardet</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.3</version>
</dependency>
Gradle:
implementation 'com.googlecode.juniversalchardet:juniversalchardet:1.0.3'
import java.io.*;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
public class EncodingDetector {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Path path = Path.of("path/to/your/file.txt");
        try {
            String contentType = Files.probeContentType(path);
            Charset charset = contentTypeToCharset(contentType);
            System.out.println("Detected Charset: " + charset.displayName());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    public static Charset contentTypeToCharset(String contentType) {
        if (contentType != null) {
            if (contentType.equalsIgnoreCase("text/plain")) {
                // Default to UTF-8 for plain text
                return Charset.forName("UTF-8");
            } else {
                // Parse charset from content type
                int index = contentType.indexOf("charset=");
                if (index != -1) {
                    String charsetName = contentType.substring(index + 8);
                    try {
                        return Charset.forName(charsetName);
                    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
                        // Handle unsupported charset
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        // Default to UTF-8 if no valid charset is found
        return Charset.forName("UTF-8");
    }
}
Apache Tika 是一个功能强大的文本抽取和解析工具,可以用来识别文件编码格式、内容类型等。
import org.apache.tika.detect.EncodingDetector;
import org.apache.tika.metadata.Metadata;
import org.apache.tika.mime.MediaType;
import org.apache.tika.mime.MediaTypeRegistry;
import org.apache.tika.parser.AutoDetectParser;
import org.apache.tika.parser.Parser;
import org.apache.tika.sax.BodyContentHandler;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
public class EncodingDetector {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        File file = new File("path/to/your/file.txt");
        try (InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(file)) {
            Charset charset = detectCharset(inputStream);
            System.out.println("Detected Charset: " + charset.displayName());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    public static Charset detectCharset(InputStream inputStream) throws IOException {
        Parser parser = new AutoDetectParser();
        BodyContentHandler handler = new BodyContentHandler();
        Metadata metadata = new Metadata();
        try {
            parser.parse(inputStream, handler, metadata);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        EncodingDetector encodingDetector = new EncodingDetector(new MediaTypeRegistry());
        MediaType mediaType = MediaType.parse(metadata.get(Metadata.CONTENT_TYPE));
        Charset charset = encodingDetector.detect(inputStream, metadata);
        if (charset != null) {
            return charset;
        } else {
            // Default to UTF-8 if no encoding is detected
            return Charset.forName("UTF-8");
        }
    }
}
这个示例使用了 Apache Tika 库。下面是该库的 Maven 和 Gradle 依赖:
Maven:
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tika</groupId>
    <artifactId>tika-core</artifactId>
    <version>1.27</version>
</dependency>
Gradle:
implementation 'org.apache.tika:tika-core:1.27'
这些示例代码涵盖了使用不同方法识别文件编码格式的过程,以及可能用到的第三方库和依赖。具体选择哪种方法取决于你的需求和项目环境。请注意,示例中的文件路径应该替换为实际文件路径。